Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row CT: An Overview and Systematization Proposal

Giovanna Bertolini
Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row CT: An Overview and Systematization Proposal
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Abstract
This article offers an overview of congenital and acquired vascular anomalies involving the portal venous system in dogs and cats, as determined by multidetector-row computed tomography angiography. Congenital absence of the portal vein, portal vein hypoplasia, portal vein thrombosis and portal collaterals are described. Portal collaterals are further discussed as high-and low-flow connections, and categorized in hepatic arterioportal malformation, arteriovenous fistula, end-to-side and side-to-side congenital portosystemic shunts, acquired portosystemic shunts, cavoportal and porto-portal collaterals. Knowledge of different portal system anomalies helps understand the underlying physiopathological mechanism and is essential for surgical and interventional approaches.